The 19th century rediscovers the Middle Ages with passion. Viollet-le-Duc's restorations — Pierrefonds, Carcassonne — and the construction of numerous Neo-Gothic châteaux by the industrial bourgeoisie testify to this romantic enthusiasm for turrets, battlements and medieval elements, now purely decorative. This style no longer seeks to defend but to evoke a fantasised chivalric past, in a resolutely picturesque spirit.